The military order stipulates: "Whenever the enemy wants to fight, he must form a formation, with bowmen and crossbowmen sitting side by side. When the enemy is about 150 steps away from the formation, order the god-armed archers to stand up and shoot them with arrows first.

, where the arrows can penetrate the enemy's formation, that is, the whole army will attack. The enemy soldiers are about a hundred paces away from the formation. Let the archers stand up and shoot arrows as before, and then the whole army will attack. Or the enemy soldiers directly attack the horse,

The gunners of Army A were ordered to stick close to the horsemen, with their spears under their backs to stimulate the thrust." It can be seen from this that the gunners were closely behind the horsemen deployed in front of the formation, and undoubtedly in front of the archers and crossbowmen, so that they could engage in hand-to-hand combat when the enemy's cavalry charged into the formation.

.

2. Composition of the Shao Song imperial camp army

After many years of fighting with the Jin Army, the Song Army gained a lot of experience in practice. Since the Jin Army mostly used heavy armor and hard bows, it reconfigured various military units in a targeted manner, and the settings are as follows:

The infantry consists of sword and shield bearers, spearmen, long axemen, divine arm archers, and archers (heavy arrows and hard bows). There are no longer infantry archers and crossbowmen in the general sense. Due to the limitations of the repair and production of divine arm bows, the arms

The proportion comparison has been optimized (see later for details), so that 60%-70% of the Song army is no longer composed of crossbowmen. (During the reign of Emperor Renzong of Song Dynasty, Yin Zhu said: "Every horse army in every place is a gunman.

, there are thirteen people at the head of the flag, and the rest are also archers; each infantry has eight swordsmen (shield), sixteen gunmen, and more than seventy of them are crossbowmen.")

The cavalry consists of bow cavalry, assault cavalry, and armored cavalry. It focuses on strengthening the construction of armored cavalry units. The main weapons have also been replaced by the unified long spear with the cavalry hammer (gu Duo) and the armor-piercing spear (long blade and longer spear).

Heavy), etc., the secondary weapons were replaced from swords to heavy weapons such as maces, whips, short-handled hammers, etc. The archers and cavalry troops no longer used bows as their main combat weapons, but were mainly composed of Fan cavalry, and were uniformly equipped with spears as fighting weapons.

.A rider has a full body armor, including body armor, shoulders, arm guards, hanging edges, knee skirts, pockets, etc. The vest is mainly a chest protector and a neck protector, unlike the full body armor like the iron pagoda; the Qingqi only has body armor.

The armor is made of iron, and the rest is leather armor. The whole body of the cavalry is basically leather armor (except for the heart cover and helmet). The cavalry in the infantry mostly plays the role of scout, usually wearing half iron armor on the upper body and leather armor on the lower body.

Wearing a neck protector and leather breastplate.

3. Grassroots military system and formation

The infantry is divided into units of one shi. For example, the left shi is the sword and shield bearer, the right shi is the divine arm archer, etc. There are 2 shi in one capital and 5 dynasties in one battalion. In addition to the soldiers' capital, there are 8 shi in total. Generally,

2 Dash shield bearers, 1 Dash spearman, 1 Dash long axeer, 3 Dash archers, 1 Dash arm archer (the fire rate is slow and difficult to repair, so it cannot be deployed on a large scale). In addition, there are many personal soldiers.

When fighting with the more than 100 cavalrymen of the scout team, usually 2 rows of swordsmen and shieldmen are behind the horses (if there is time to set up the horses), 1 row of spearmen is next, 1 row of axemen is next, and 3 rows of archers are next.

, 1 row of divine arm archers at the end can form a 50*8 formation for frontal combat.

When attacking, the spearmen are in front, followed by the axemen, followed by a line of swordsmen and shieldmen. About 50 steps behind, a line of swordsmen and shieldmen protects the archers and gradually advances forward.

During the siege, sword and shield men were the main force, and the spearmen formed a formation in the city to protect the archers and cover the trebuchets and other equipment behind the formation.

The range of the divine arm bow: Volume 19 of "Mengxi Bi Tan" says that this is "Li Dingxian holds the crossbow sideways, like a bow, and uses dry stirrups. He stretches the stirrups from the ground and shoots three hundred steps. He can pierce the crossbow. This is called

The God's Arm Bow is the most powerful weapon. Li Ding, the leader of Xiang Qiang's party, surrendered himself to the imperial court." Another theory is that it was developed by Li Hong, a commoner. The God's Arm Bow is actually a crossbow with a range of more than 240 steps.

Approximately 372 meters or more, "it still penetrates the elm wood without half a knot", which shows its strength. "In the early days of Xining, the god's arm bow was completed". Song Shenzong "came to the Yanhe Hall to inspect, and set up iron armor seventy paces"

, let the guards shoot, but no one hit." The eunuch Zhang Ruoshui "asked himself to shoot, and even hit Cheza." The divine arm bow is not as bulky as the bed crossbow. It can be fired by only one person and is easy to promote. "It is effective in military applications.

Wonderful achievement".

The cavalry army has units based on capitals, such as one capital cavalry and another capital cavalry archers. In one battalion armored cavalry, there are still assault cavalry (light cavalry) responsible for peripheral security and reconnaissance tasks. One capital has four capitals, or

Three Dujia Cavalry and one Du Qingqi, or one Dujia Cavalry (Jinbing Du) and three Du Qingqi.

When attacking (the cavalry can only attack, the cavalry standing still is not as good as the infantry), the armored cavalry is usually the forward, the archers are on the wings or rear, and the sudden cavalry is the center. The armored cavalry formation is composed of 4-8 rows (no matter how thick it is).

It doesn't make any sense), etc. The light cavalry and the sudden cavalry are the follow-up cover fifty steps away from the rear.

Attachment: The infantry of the Song Army are organized as follows:

——Capital (one chief and one deputy chief, 2 major governors), a total of 105 people

————Military Judge (General Yuhou) 1 person

————Zuo Shi (the chief chief is concurrently held by the senior chief) 51 people

——————Military Judge 1 person

——————What 10 people

—————————— Wu 5 people

————————————Soldier 1 person

————Youshi 51 people

Note: Dashi is commonly known as the team, and the officer is called the commander. It is usually held by a senior commander and has 5 infantrymen under his jurisdiction.

The cavalry armies of the Song Army were organized as follows:

——Total 65 people in the capital (one head each, one deputy head, and one flag bearer)

————Military judges (2 Yuhou) 2 people

————Left team (1 captain and deputy captain each) 30 people

————————Military custody officer 1 person

————————The first Shi (1 Shi 3 Wu) 9 people

———————————— Wu 3 people

————————————Soldier 1 person

————————The second 9 people

————————Third Shi 9 people

————Right team 30 people

4. A preliminary study on the class of the imperial army in Shao Song Dynasty

In the traditional Song Dynasty, various military services, from sergeants to officers, often have three levels of general titles.

The first is the general school, also called the military academy, the school, the military personnel, and its scope includes the commander of the capital in the Xiang Dynasty to the deputy commander of the capital and the deputy chief of the capital; the second is the section level, whose scope includes the military commander of the capital.

The ten generals are the generals, Yu Hou, the commanders and the escort officers; the third is the long march, that is, the army.

The general class description is relatively clear and easy to infer:

Each marching department is under the command of the Dudu, and basically all are given the title of Jiedushi.

The controller did not write down the details, but it is speculated that more defense envoys and regimental training envoys were added.

The commander is unknown, I don’t understand here, I’ll wait for the boss to verify it.

From the battalion command to the capital level, most of them are assigned according to the rank of each school captain. That is to say, officers like Xia Houyuan in the book mostly use Xia Houyuan's position, from the commanding officer to the capital (in the personal guard system, it is the regular

General, ready to general, etc.) are all possible.

Part 2: Compilation of detailed numbers of each army

1. Marching Department of the Imperial Camp Front Army (Capital Commander Yue Fei)

Number of people: 45,000 Livestock: 20,000 horses, 4,200 mules

——Directly under the Military Control Department (Zhang Xianbu, commonly known as the Beiwei Army), approximately 4,600 people and 7,500 horses

————Command of personal soldiers (military aircraft, orders) 300 people 130 horses

————Travelling Battalion (5th Infantry Army) 570 people, 50 horses, 210 mules

————The first general (1 general, 1 ready general, and 1 flag bearer) 370 people, 730 horses, 12 mules

——————Japanese Guards 30 people 60 horses

——————Huotou Army 12 people, 12 horses and 12 mules

——————Cavalry Army Capital (A Cavalry) 65 people 130 horses

——————Cavalry Army Capital (A Cavalry) 65 people 130 horses

——————Cavalry Army Capital (A Cavalry) 65 people 130 horses

——————Cavalry Army Capital (A Cavalry) 65 people 130 horses

——————Cavalry Army Capital (A Cavalry) 65 people 130 horses

————Second General 370 men, 730 horses, 12 mules

————Third general 370 men, 730 horses, 12 mules

————The fourth general: 370 men, 730 horses, 12 mules

————Fifth General 370 men, 730 horses, 12 mules

————Sixth General 370 men, 730 horses, 12 mules

————Seventh General 370 men, 730 horses, 12 mules

————Eighth General 370 men, 730 horses, 12 mules

————Ninth General 370 men, 730 horses, 12 mules

————Tenth General 370 men, 730 horses, 12 mules

——Directly under the Ministry of Transport (Tang Huai Ministry, 6 people in the army, note 1) about 2,200 people and 1,200 mules

————Directly under the capital (cavalry, management of military aircraft, and delivery of orders) 65 people 130 horses

————The first baggage battalion (civilian camp, responsible for the transportation of grain and grass) 360 people, 50 horses and 160 mules

————The second baggage battalion (civilian camp, responsible for the transportation of grain and grass) 360 people, 50 horses and 160 mules
To be continued...